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DescriptionThese are your run-of-the-mill 1/4 Watt， +/- 5% tolerance PTH resistors. Commonly used in breadboards and other prototyping applications， these 1K ohm resistors make excellent pull-ups， pull-downs and current limiters. These thick-lead versions of the resistors fit snugly into a breadboard with very little movement， so you should have few to no issues using them in your next project!These resistors come in bags of 20.

DescriptionThe Elektor STM32 Nucleo Starter Kit is the perfect entry point into the world of the widely popular STM32 microcontroller line. This bundle covers many projects using most features of the STM32 Nucleo development boards with the full softw

DescriptionThe SparkFun RTK Surveyor is an easy to use GNSS receiver for centimeter-level positioning. Perfect for surveying， this preprogrammed device can also be used for autonomous driving， navigation， asset tracking and any other application where there is a clear view of the sky. The RTK Surveyor can also be used as a base station. With the flick of a switch， two RTK Surveyors can be used to create an RTK system capable of 14mm horizontal positional accuracy. The built-in Bluetooth(R)connection via an ESP32 WROOM enables the user to use the RTK Surveyor with their choice of GIS application on a phone or tablet. The built in battery allows field use for up to four hours and is compatible with common USB battery banks.This device can be used in four modes：GNSS Positioning(～30cm accuracy)GNSS Positioning with RTK(1.4cm accuracy)GNSS Base StationGNSS Base Station NTRIP ServerIn Position mode the device receives L1/L2 signals from a user-provided antenna and the high-grade GNSS receiver provides lat/long and altitude with accuracies around 300mm.In Positioning with RTK mode the device receives L1/L2 signals from the antenna and correction data from a base station. The correction data can be obtained from a cellular link to online correction sources or over a radio link to a 2nd RTK Surveyor setup as a base station.In Base Station mode the device is mounted to a temporary position(like a tripod)and begins transmitting correction data over a radio or internet connection. A base is often used in conjunction with a second unit set to 'Positioning with RTK' to obtain the 14mm relative accuracy.In Base Station NTRIP Server mode the device is mounted to a semi or permanently fixed position(like a roof)and connects over WiFi to transmit the correction data to a NTRIP caster so that any rover can access the correction data over a cellular or internet connection. This type of base is a very easy way to setup a very precise absolute correction source.Two cables are provided with the RTK Surveyor allowing a user to plug on our easy to use Serial Telemetry Radios or their own radio link. If a local correction source is within 10km， a user can also use their phone to provide correction data over the Bluetooth(R)link(no external radio needed!).Note：The SparkFun RTK Surveyor is just the enclosed device and does NOT include an antenna， serial telemetry radio， or associated mounting pieces. These items will need to be purchased separately from the Hookup Accessories below.Get Started With the SparkFun RTK Surveyor GuideFeaturesGNSS Receiver：ZED-F9PConcurrent reception of GPS， GLONASS， Galileo and BeiDouReceives both L1C/A and L2C bandsCurrent：68mA - 130mA(varies with constellations and tracking state)Time to First Fix：25s(cold)， 2s(hot)Max Navigation Rate：PVT(basic location over UBX binary protocol)- 25HzRTK - 20HzRaw - 25HzHorizontal Position Accuracy：2.5m without RTK0.010m with RTKMax Altitude：50km(31 miles)Max Velocity：500m/s(1118mph)Bluetooth(R)Transceiver：ESP32 WROOMXtensa(R)dual-core 32-bit LX6 microprocessorUp to 240MHz clock frequency16MB of flash storage520kB internal SRAMIntegrated 802.11 BGN WiFi transceiverIntegrated dual-mode Bluetooth(R)(classic and BLE)Hardware accelerated encryption(AES， SHA2， ECC， RSA-4096)2.5 μA deep sleep currentOverall DeviceInternal Battery：LiPo 1000mAh with 500mA chargingRadio Port：3.3V TTL Serial(57600bps RTCM TX/RX)Data Port：3.3V TTL Serial(115200bps NMEA)Weight：132g(entire device including battery)Dimensions：118mm×79mm×30mm(4.7in×3.1in×1.2in)1x Qwiic Connector1x microSD Socket for optional loggingChanges：This version(which replaces SPX-17369)uses a reinforced edge mount SMA connector for better resiliency when a fixed 'stub' antenna is used.

DescriptionThese are your run-of-the-mill 1/4 Watt， +/- 5% tolerance PTH resistors. Commonly used in breadboards and other prototyping applications， these 100 ohm resistors make excellent pull-ups， pull-downs and current limiters. These thick-lead v

DescriptionThe LilyPad ProtoSnap Plus is a sewable electronics prototyping board that you can use to explore circuits and programming， then break apart to make an interactive fabric or wearable project. Programming the ProtoSnap Plus is easy with the free Arduino software you'll need to program the ATmega32U4 on LilyPad USB Plus at the heart of the board. Once you've installed the software， you'll be able to write and upload your own programs to the board， making it do almost anything you want.At the center of the ProtoSnap Plus is the LilyPad USB Plus microcontroller， pre-wired to a LilyPad board including a LilyPad Light Sensor， LilyPad Buzzer， LilyPad Button Board， four pairs of colored LilyPad LEDs and a LilyPad Slide Switch. Because these components are connected together on the ProtoSnap board， you can test out your project ideas before you sew. The ProtoSnap Plus also includes expansion ports that let you sew your wearables together or use alligator cables to easily connect external sensors and components. After testing out your coding ideas using the attached LilyPad pieces， you can break apart the prototyping board and sew them into your project!Please be aware that the Lilypad ProtoSnap Plus isNOT supported on Windows 7/8due to a lack of support drivers for those specific OS's.Note：A portion of this sale is given back to Dr. Leah Buechley for continued development and education in e-textiles.Get Started with the LilyPad ProtoSnap Plus Guide

DescriptionWith the SparkFun Qwiic Connect System expanding every day， we want to make sure it becomes as accessible as possible but we understand there are other systems that can compliment it out there. The Qwiic to Grove Adapter Cable allows interoperability between the SparkFun Qwiic Connect System and the I2C based Grove boards from Seeed Studio. Now you can plug Seeed Studio boards you may have onto the Qwiic bus or you can use this cable to introduce Qwiic sensors， inputs， and outputs into your Grove system.Note：The Grove system has a variety of different signal systems that use the same connector. This cableonlyworks with the I2C variety.The SparkFun Qwiic connect system is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.FeaturesLength：100mm

DescriptionPassive Infrared(PIR)sensors are great for detecting motion in a small area around the sensor. The 170μA SparkFun EKMC4607112K PIR Breakout is a simple board equipped with an EKM-series PIR sensor from Panasonic(R). The EKM-series PIR sensors are optimized for small movements to offer motion-sensing options for continuously powered applications.PIR sensors do not return specific distance data but instead monitor for IR light coming from objects in their field of view and will activate their signal when motion is detected in their sensing area， making them perfect for applications such as turning devices on automatically when motion is detected. Applications include home and building automation for energy saving， automated on/off lighting control， security， appliances， and IoT.Panasonic's low-profile PIR motion sensors(10.9mm versus standard 14.4mm height offer space savings for constrained designs)consist of a lens to create various detection zones， an optical filter to block non-infrared light， pyroelectric sensing elements， electromagnetic shielding to all circuitry， and an impedance converter to get an electrical signal. This PIR sensor offers digital output across 32 zones at 5m detection distance with 90°×90° detection area.Note：The sensitivity of passive infrared sensors is influenced by environmental conditions， so a performance evaluation test under representative conditions is recommended.Get Started with the SparkFun PIR Breakout GuideFeaturesOperating Voltage：2.3-4.0V170 μAstandby current consumptionLens diameter - 10.4mmLens Height - 10.9mm5m detection distance90°×90°(±45°)detection area

DescriptionThe TFMini Plus is a ToF(Time of Flight)LiDAR sensor capable of measuring the distance to an object as close as 10 centimeters(+/- 5cm up to 6m)and as far as 12 meters(+/-1% starting at 6m)! As with all LiDAR sensors， your effective detection distance will vary depending on lighting conditions and the reflectivity of your target object， but what makes this sensor special is its size. Measuring only 35x18.5x21mm， the TFMini Plus allows you to integrate LiDAR into applications traditionally reserved for smaller sensors.Setting itself apart from the original TFmini， the TFmini Plus has been designed with an IP65 enclosure meaning its "Dust tight water resistant"， and also passed the vibration test of drone level， which will greatly expand its application range. The TFMini Plus is easy to power at only 5V and easy to talk to using the UART communication protocol.Important：This product does not use laser light for ranging. Instead it contains an LED and optics. Many such systems are being marketed under the name "LiDAR，" although it may be more appropriate to think of this device as a "Time-of-Flight Infrared Rangefinder". It differs significantly from traditional IR rangefinders in that it uses ToF to determine range and not triangulation ― as is performed by the Sharp GP-series devices.FeaturesOperating Range - 0.1m～12m1Accuracy - ±5cm@(0.1-6m)， ±1%@(6m-12m)Distance resolution - 5mmFrame rate - 1-1000Hz(adjustable)Ambient light immunity - 70kluxOperating temperature - -20℃～60℃Enclosure rating - IP65Light source - LEDCentral wavelength - 850nmFOV - 3.6°Supply voltage - 5V±0.5VAverage current - ≦110mAPower consumption - 550mWPeak current - 500mACommunication level - LVTTL(3.3V)Material of enclosure - ABS+PCStorage temperature - -20℃～75℃Weight - 11gWire length - 30cm

DescriptionThe PQ12 series of micro linear actuators are ideal for applications requiring precise positioning and compact size. Weighing in at just 22 grams， the PQ12 is incredibly light as well as compact. The affordably-priced PQ12 is the most powerful actuator of it's size. This is why it has become a popular choice for OEM manufacturers as well as Arduino and RC hobbyists. Some industries where the PQ12 are in use include：prosthetics， robotics， medical， simulation.The PQ12-R series of linear servos operate as a direct replacement for standard rotary servos. They use the same standard 3 wire connector， ground power and control. Regardless of how you drive your servos， be it with an RC receiver， an Arduino board， or a VEX micro-controller， the PQ12-R servo will function in place of a regular servo， but with the added benefit of providing linear motion. The PQ12-R is available in a 20mm stroke coupled with gear ratio options of 30：1， 63：1 and 100：1 cover a large variety of applications.The PQ12-100-6-R has：a 100：1 gear ratio for maximum lifting force； 6VDC operating voltage； and a servo(PWM)interface. This powerful little actuator can lift 50N(～5kg)!The datasheet doesn't mention a minimum operating voltage， but we've tested this actuator at 5VDC and it seems to work just fine. The maximum force and movement speed are reduced of course.FeaturesGearing Option：100：1Peak Power Point：40N @ 6mm/sPeak Efficiency Point：20N @ 8mm/sMax Speed(no load)：10mm/sMax Force(lifted)：50NMax Side Load：10NBack Drive Force：35NStroke：20 mmInput Voltage：6 VDCStall Current：550mA @ 6VMass：22gOperating Temperature -10℃ to +50℃Positional Repeatability：±0.1mmMechanical Backlash：0.25 mmAudible Noise：55dB @ 45cmIngress Protection：IP-54Maximum Duty Cycle：20%PWM(Servo)signal：Fully retracted：2.0ms @ 50HzFully extended：1.0ms @ 50Hz

DescriptionWe all like to know the temperature， right? Well， with the SparkFun TMP102 Digital Temperature Sensor， we've made it just about as easy as it gets. Based on the original Digital Temperature Sensor Breakout TMP102， we've added Qwiic connectors to bring this board into our plug-and-play Qwiic Ecosystem and added an address jumper instead of breaking out the address pin. However， we still have broken out 0.1"-spaced pins in case you prefer to use breadboard.The TMP102 itself is an easy-to-use digital temperature sensor from Texas Instruments. While some temperature sensors use an analog voltage to represent the temperature， the TMP102 uses the I2C bus of the Arduino to communicate the temperature.The TMP102 is capable of reading temperatures to resolution of 0.0625℃， and is accurate up to 0.5℃. The breakout has built-in 4.7kΩ pull-up resistors for I2C communications and runs from 1.4V to 3.6V. I2C communication uses an open drain signaling， so there is no need to use level shifting.The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.Get Started with the Qwiic TMP102 Digital Temperature Sensor GuideFeaturesUses the I2C interfaceI2C Address：0x48 by default(Three additional addresses available， as well)12-bit， 0.0625℃ resolutionTypical temperature accuracy of ±0.5℃3.3V sensorSupports up to four TMP102 sensors on the I2C bus at time2x Qwiic Connectors

DescriptionThe SparkFun OpenScale is a simple-to-use， open source solution for measuring weight and temperature. It has the ability to read multiple types of load cells and offers a simple-to-use serial menu to configure calibration value， sample rate， time stamp and units of precision.Simply attach a four-wire or five-wire load cell of any capacity， plug the OpenScale into a USB port， open a terminal window at 9，600bps， and you'll immediately see mass readings. The SparkFun OpenScale will enable you to turn a load cell or four load sensors in a Wheatstone bridge configuration into the DIY weigh scale for your application.The OpenScale was designed for projects and applications where the load was static(like the beehive in front of SparkFun HQ)or where constant readings are needed without user intervention(for example， on a conveyor belt system). A load cell with an equipped OpenScale can remain in place for months without needing user interaction!On board the SparkFun OpenScale is the ATmega328P microcontroller， for addressing your communications needs and transferring your data to a serial terminal or to a data logger such as the OpenLog， an FT231 with mini USB， for USB to serial connection； the HX711， a 24-bit ADC for weigh scales； and the TMP102， for recording the ambient temperature of your system. The OpenScale communicates at a TTL level of 9，600bps 8-N-1 by default and possesses a baud rate configurable from 1，200bps to 1，000，000bps.Get Started with the OpenScale GuideFeaturesOperating Voltage：5VOperating Ampage：80-100mAPower Cycling above 500msSelectable 10SPS or 80SPS Output Data RateLocal External Temperature SensorsFixed Adjustable Gain

DescriptionThese are your run-of-the-mill 1/4 Watt， +/- 5% tolerance PTH resistors. Commonly used in breadboards and other prototyping applications， these 330 ohm resistors make excellent LED current limiters and are great for general use. These thi

DescriptionThese flat mills are perfect for roughing or machining flat or prismatic parts.If you've got a Nomad or Shapeoko， these are great cutters for cutting plastic and aluminum.All of our cutters are manufactured here in the US and begin life as a blank of US carbide. There's nothing imported here!Note：If you have or are purchasing a Shapeoko， please be sure you are purchasing a precision collet and nut to be able to use these cutters.FeaturesCutting Diameter：.125"Cutting Length：.5"Shank Diameter：.125"

DescriptionThe new PureThermal Mini Pro JST-SR with Thermal by FLIR is a hackable thermal camera for the FLIR Lepton thermal imaging camera core. Just like its PureThermal 2 predecessor， it ships pre-configured to operate as a plug-and-play UVC 1.0 USB thermal webcam that will work with standard webcam and video apps on all major platforms using a JST-SR to USB Cable， or your own custom cable. For developers， its reference firmware and viewer software are open source.It has multiple connection options such as solder straight to the board or a custom cable using the JST-SR port. The PTMini Pro also features four mounting holes， less complex circuitry， and perhaps best of all， USB DFU. This is a development kit ready to be embedded into a production system.Each board comes with a FLIR Lepton 3.5.The FLIR Lepton(R)is a radiometric-capable LWIR camera solution that is smaller than a dime， fits inside a smartphone， and is one tenth the cost of traditional IR cameras. Using focal plane arrays of either 160x120 or 80x60 active pixels， Lepton easily integrates into native mobile-devices and other electronics as an IR sensor or thermal imager. The radiometric Lepton captures accurate， calibrated， and noncontact temperature data in every pixel of each image.FeaturesPureThermal：Compatible with all production FLIR Leptons， including radiometric 2.5 and 3.5 cores9 Hz color video over usb using the USB UVC classSTM32F412 ARM microprocessor - execute on-board image processing without need for an external systemOpen source reference firmware：GroupGets PureThermal GithubWorks with GetThermal - our custom open source thermal video display software for macOS and Linux with radiometric supportDFU over USB using a JST-SR port to USB cable， or a modified USB cable and the through holes.Four mounting holesCompact form-factor ready to be embedded into production systemsFLIR Lepton 3.5：Thermal sensitivity：< 50 mK(0.050℃)Spectral Range：8 - 14 microns(nominal)Long Wave Infrared(LWIR)Resolution：160h×120v pixelsRadiometric Accuracy - High Gain Mode：Greater of +/- 5℃ or 5%(typical)； Low Gain Mode：Greater of +/- 10℃ or 10%(typical)Scene Dynamic Range - High Gain Mode：-10° to +140℃； Low Gain Mode：-10° to +400℃(at room temperature)， -10° to +450℃(typical)Pixel Size：12 micrometersFrame Rate：8.7 Hz(effective)Output Format：User-selectable 14-bit， 8-bit(AGC applied)， or 24-bit RGB(AGC and colorization applied)Horizontal Field of View(HFOV)：57°Lens Type：f/1.1Size(w×l×h)：10.50×12.70×7.14 mmWeight：0.9 gramsPower Consumption：150 mW typical， 650 mW during shutter event， 5mW standbyOptimum Operating Temperature Range：-10℃ to + 80℃

DescriptionThese are your run-of-the-mill 1/4 Watt， +/- 5% tolerance PTH resistors. Commonly used in breadboards and other prototyping applications， these 10K ohm resistors make excellent pull-ups， pull-downs and current limiters. These thick-lead versions of the resistors fit snugly into a breadboard with very little movement， so you should have few to no issues using them in your next project!These resistors come in bags of 20. They are the same resistors found in the SparkFun Inventor's Kit v4.0， upgraded from the resistors in previous versions of the kit.

DescriptionThe Raspberry Pi Pico is a low-cost， high-performance microcontroller board with flexible digital interfaces. It feature the RP2040 which marks Raspberry Pi's first microcontroller designed in-house. Pico provides minimal(yet flexible)exter

DescriptionGet with the times， already! This SparkFun Real Time Clock(RTC)Module is a Qwiic-enabled breakout board for the RV-1805 chipset. The RTC is ultra-low power(running at only about 22nA in its lowest power setting)so it can use a supercapacitor for backup power instead of a normal battery. This means you get plenty of charge and discharge cycles without any degradation to the "battery." To make it even easier to get your readings， all communication is enacted exclusively via I2C， utilizing our handy Qwiic system so no soldering is required to connect it to the rest of your system. However， we still have broken out 0.1"-spaced pins in case you prefer to use a breadboard.This RTC module's built in RV-1805 has not one， but two internal oscillators：a 32.768kHz tuning fork crystal and a low power RC based oscillator and can automatically switch between the two using the more precise crystal to correct the RC oscillator every few minutes. This feature allows the module to maintain a very accurate date and time with the worst case being +/- about three minutes over a year. The RV-1805 also has a built in trickle charger so as soon as the RTC is connected to power the it will be fully charged in under 10 minutes and has the ability to switch power to other systems allowing it to directly turn on or off a power hungry device such as a microcontroller or RF engine.There is also the option to add a battery to the board if the supercapacitor just isn't going keep your project powered long enough(keep in mind， the supercap can hypothetically make the board keep time for around 35 days)， you can solder on an external battery. That means you can let board sit with no power or connection to the outside world and the current hour/minute/second/date will be maintained.Note：The I2C address of the RV-1805 is 0x69 and is hardware defined. A multiplexer/Mux is required to communicate to multiple RV-1805 sensors on a single bus. If you need to use more than one RV-1805 sensor consider using the Qwiic Mux Breakout.The SparkFun Qwiic connect system is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.Get Started with the RV-1805 Real Time Clock Module GuideFeaturesOperating Voltage(Startup)：1.6V - 3.6VOperating Voltage(Timekeeping)：1.5V - 3.6VOperating Temperature：-40℃ - 85℃Time Accuracy：±2.0 ppmCurrent Consumption：22nA(Typ.)I2C Address：0xD2Supercapacitor for Backup Power2x Internal Oscillators2x Qwiic Connectors

DescriptionThe SparkFun micro：climate kit is a full weather station kit that is built on top of the weather：bit carrier board. Unlike previous weather kits we've carried， this micro：climate kit is Qwiic enabled and includes our tried-and-true Weather Meters and Soil Moisture Sensor， so whether you're an agriculturalist， a professional meteorologist or a hobbyist， you will be able to build a high-grade weather station powered by the micro：bit. You can even talk via wireless communication between two micro：bits with this kit to be able to monitor the weather without being exposed to it!Inside each micro：climate kit you will find all the components required to build your micro：bit into a go-to weather sensor； the only parts not included are two AAA batteries， microSD card， and the micro：bit itself. Simply add your own micro：bit to the provided weather：bit， assemble the kit， and you will be ready to start sensing. The SparkFun micro：climate kit is a great way to get your feet wet in high-grade sensors --- just not literally； that's the weather：bit's job!The kit does not require any soldering and is recommended for anyone curious about weather-sensing technology or the micro：bit platform.The micro：bit is a pocket-sized computer that lets you get creative with digital technology. Between the micro：bit and our shield-like bit boards you can do almost anything while coding， customizing and controlling your micro：bit from almost anywhere! You can use your micro：bit for all sorts of unique creations， from robots to musical instruments and more. At half the size of a credit card， this versatile board has vast potential!Note：The SparkFun micro：climate kit doesNOTinclude a micro：bit board. The micro：bit board will need to be purchased separately. You will also need a microSD card when logging data and AAA batteries to power remotely.Get started with the micro：climate kit Guide

DescriptionThe MCP9600 Breakout is a high accuracy Thermocouple Amplifier equipped with an I2C interface， accessed over our Qwiic system. Inside the chip are two temperature sensors， one for the thermocouple itself(the hot junction)and one for the chi

DescriptionThis is a 40-pin surface mount FPC(Flat Printed Circuit)connector. Nothing too fancy here， except that it can be plugged in either way - contacts up or down. This is useful for manufacturers because they only have to keep one item in stock. It is useful for consumers because they can use one connector to fit in multiple orientations.This product fits the 1.77 TFT LCD Display 160x128 RGB - 3 Wire and thanks to its dual-sided nature you can use it upside down or all-around.TFT Display Not IncludedThis product mates and is pictured with the 1.8in. TFT LCD 160x128 RGBFeatures40 pins0.5mm pitchTop/bottom side contacts(both)Locking

DescriptionThe MicroMod Qwiic Carrier Board can be used to rapidly prototype with other Qwiic devices. The MicroMod M.2 socket provides users the freedom to experiment with any processor board in the MicroMod ecosystem. This board also features two Qwiic connectors and four 4-40 screw inserts to connect and mount Qwiic devices.This version of the SparkFun MicroMod Qwiic Carrier Board features a single port for our standard 1in. by 1in. Qwiic Breakouts. However， you aren't beholden to attaching just one Qwiic breakout since you are able to stack the boards on top of each other， allowing you to hook up a full circuit of Qwiic sensors and accessories to fully utilize your next project!MicroMod is a modular interface ecosystem that connects a microcontroller "processor board" to various "carrier board" peripherals. Utilizing the M.2 standard， the MicroMod standard is designed to easily swap out processors on the fly. Pair a specialized carrier board for the project you need with your choice of compatible processor!Get Started With the MicroMod Qwiic Carrier Board GuideFeaturesM.2 MicroMod(Processor Board)ConnectorUSB-C Connector3.3V 1A Voltage RegulatorQwiic ConnectorsBoot/Reset ButtonsCharge CircuitFour 4-40 Inserts

DescriptionProduct Restrictions：To access certain features of the ATECC608A， users will need to contact Microchip and sign an NDA contract to obtain the complete datasheet. Due to the required NDA - technical support， an Arduino library， and hookup guide are not provided for users on this product.The SparkFun ATECC608A Cryptographic Co-processor Breakout allows you to add strong security to your IoT node， edge device， or embedded system. This includesasymmetricauthentication，symmetricAES-128 encryption/decryption， and much more. As stated above， the ATECC608A has limited Arduino support and the complete datasheet is under NDA with Microchip.This breakout board includes two Qwiic ports for plug and play functionality. Utilizing our handy Qwiic system， no soldering is required to connect it to the rest of your system. However， we still have broken out 0.1"-spaced pins in case you prefer to use a breadboard. The ATECC608A chip is capable of many cryptographic processes， including， but not limited to：Creating and securely storing unique asymmetric key pairs based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography(FIPS186-3).AES-128：Encrypt/Decrypt， Galois Field Multiply for GCMCreating and verifying 64-byte digital signatures(from 32-bytes of message data).Creating a shared secret key on a public channel via Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman Algorithm.SHA-256 HMAC Hash including off-chip context save/restoreInternal high quality FIPS random number generator.Embedded in the chip is a 10Kb EEPROM array that can be used for storing keys， certificates， data， consumption logging， and security configurations. Access to the sections of memory can then be restricted and the configuration locked to prevent changes. Each ATECC608A Breakout ships with a guaranteed unique 72-bit serial number and includes several security features to prevent physical attacks on the device itself， or logical attacks on the data transmitted between the device.A summary datasheet for the ATECC608A is available here. The full datasheet is under NDA with Microchip. You will need to contact them for access to the entire datasheet. Meanwhile， the ArduinoATECCX08 Library currently only supports the ATECC608A with SAMD21 Arduino boards.We do have much more support for the ATECC508A version of this chip. Please check out our ATECC508A Hookup Guide and Arduino Library(which includes six examples). This will get you familiar with the basics of elliptic curve cryptography and signing/verifying data with the ATECC508A version of the chip.Note：The I2C address of the ATECC608A is 0x60 and is software-configurable to any address. A multiplexer/Mux is required to communicate to multiple ATECC608A sensors at the default address when on a single bus. If you need to use more than one ATECC608A sensor at the default address， consider using the Qwiic Mux Breakout.Note：The ATECC608A can be only configured once before it isPERMANENTLYlocked. It is advisable that users purchase multiple boards in order to use other configurations and explore the advanced functions of the ATECC608A.Additionally， this boardIScapable of encrypting and decrypting data. However， to access these additional features， you will need to contact Microchip and sign an NDA contract to obtain the complete datasheet.It is recommended that an SparkFun RedBoard Turbo - SAMD21 Development Board is used with this product due to the buffer size required on the I2C bus.The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.FeaturesOperating Voltage：2.0V-5.5V(Default on Qwiic System：3.3V)Active Current Draw(for ATECC608A)：16 mASleep Current(for ATECC608A)：<150 nAGuaranteed Unique 72-bit Serial Number10 Kb EEPROM Memory for Keys， Certificates， and DataStorage for up to 16 Keys256-bit Key LengthInternal High-Quality FIPS Random Number Generator(RNG)Configurable I2C Address(7-bit)：0x60(Default)

DescriptionThe SparkFun Load Sensor Combinator is a bare PCB that combines four load sensors into a standard four-wire Wheatstone bridge configuration. If you open up an electronic bathroom scale， you'll find a large rat's nest of wires. The Load Sensor Combinator was created to combine the 12 wires found in a bathroom scale into the standard four-wire Wheatstone bridge configuration.This version of the SparkFun Load Sensor Combinator features a few changes that you specifically asked for! We updated the silk on the breakout to read "C/+/-" instead of "R/W/B" and moved the temperature sensor connector away from the standoff hole.You can either use four individual load sensors or simply purchase an off-the-shelf bathroom scale and hack the combinator into it rather than trying to design a base to properly mount four load sensors.This board works great with our Load Cell Amplifier breakout board； the five pins on the edge of the combinator line up directly to the five pins on the amplifier.If your amplifier and supporting electronics are more than a few inches away from the scale， an RJ45 footprint is provided. The four Wheatstone pins(E+/E-/S+/S-)as well as the shield pin are connected to twisted pairs within a standard cheap Ethernet cable. This allows the amplifier board to be placed many feet away from the scale itself.The combinator board also includes a footprint for the DS18B20 one-wire temperature sensor. This allows the user to gather the temperature of the scale in case there is a large variance between the scale and the amplifier. These three pins are accessed through the RJ45 connection as well， allowing remote temperature readings to be gathered over one twisted pair Ethernet cable.NOTE：The SparkFun Load Sensor Combinator will only work with 3 wire load sensors， it is not compatible with 4 wire load cells.

DescriptionThe SparkFun Rotary Switch Potentiometer Breakout is a small board the allows you to add resistors to a 10-position rotary switch， turning it into a potentiometer with 10 discrete steps. Multiple applications require potentiometers that are

DescriptionThe SparkFun MicroMod Environmental Function Board adds additional sensing options to the MicroMod Processor Boards. This Function Board includes three sensors to monitor air quality(SGP40)， humidity temperature(SHTC3)， and CO2 concentrations(STC31)in your indoor environment. To make it even easier to use， all communication is over the MicroMod's I2C bus!The SGP40 measures the quality of the air in your room or house. The SGP40 uses a metal oxide(MOx)sensor with a temperature controlled micro hotplate and provides a humidity-compensated volatile organic compound(VOC)based indoor air quality signal. Both the sensing element and VOC Algorithm feature an unmatched robustness against contaminating gases present in real world applications enabling a unique long term stability as well as low drift and device to device variation.The SHTC3 is a highly accurate digital humidity and temperature sensor. The SHTC3 uses a capacitive humidity sensor with a relative humidity measurement range of 0 to 100% RH and bandgap temperature sensor with a temperature measurement range of -40℃ to 125℃. The SHTC3 builds on the success of their SHTC1 sensor with higher accuracy(±2% RH， ±0.2℃)than its predecessor， enabling greater flexibility.The STC31 measures CO2 concentrations based on thermal conductivity and has two CO2 measurement ranges：0 to 25 vol%； and 0 to 100 vol%. The measurement repeatability is 0.2 vol%， with a stability of 0.025 vol% / ℃. The measurement accuracy depends on the measurement range：0.5 vol% + 3% measured value； 1 vol% + 3% measured value. Using measurements from the SHTC3， the STC31 is able to provide humidity-compensated measurements together with improved temperature compensation. The STC31 can compensate for atmospheric pressure too - which is handy if， like us， you're up in the mountains!The outstanding performance of these three sensors is based on Sensirion's patented CMOSens(R)technology， which combines the sensor element， signal processing， and digital calibration on a small CMOS chip. The well-proven CMOS technology is perfectly suited for high-quality mass production and is the ideal choice for demanding and cost-sensitive OEM applications.Utilizing our handy M.2 MicroMod connector， no soldering is required to connect it to your system. Simply match up the key on your processor and function board's beveled edge connector to their respective key on the M.2 connector， then secure them to the main board with screws. The MicroMod Environmental Function Board can then be read via the I2C port. The board is equipped with the AP2112 3.3V voltage regulator， I2C pull-up resistors， power LED， jumper to disable the LED， and jumpers for alternative STC31 addresses.Note：A MicroMod Processor and Main Board are not included with this MicroMod Environmental Function Board. These boards will need to be purchased separately.MicroMod is a modular interface ecosystem that connects a microcontroller "processor board" to various "carrier board" peripherals. Utilizing the M.2 standard， the MicroMod standard is designed to easily swap out processors and function boards on the fly. Pair a specialized carrier board for the project you need with your choice of compatible processor!Get Started with the MicroMod Environmental Function BoardFeaturesInput voltage range2.5V to 6.0VTyp.5Vvia Main Board's USB connectorTyp.～3.7V to 4.2Vvia Main Board's LiPo battery ConnectorI/O voltage3.3VAP2112 3.3V voltage regulator(rated 600mA)Power LEDI2C pull-up resistorsSensirion SGP40 Air Quality SensorUses I2C interfaceAddress：0x59(default)Operating voltage range1.7V to 3.6V(Typ.3.3V)Operating temperature range-20℃ to +55℃Typical current consumption2.6mAduring continuous operation(at 3.3V)34μAwhen idle(heater off)Output signalDigital raw value(SRAW)：0 - 65535 ticksDigital processed value(VOC Index)：0 - 500 VOC index pointsSwitch-on behaviorTime until reliably detecting VOC events：<60sTime until specifications are met：<1hRecommended sampling intervalVOC Index：1sSRAW：0.5s - 10s(Typ. 1s)Sensirion SHTC3 Humidity and Temperature SensorUses I2C interfaceAddress：0x70(default， non-configurable)Operating voltage range1.62V - 3.6V(Typ.3.3V)Operating temperature range-40℃ to +125 ℃Relative HumidityMeasurement range：0% to 100%Typical accuracy：±2 %RHResolution：0.01 %RHTemperatureMeasurement range：-40℃ to +125 ℃Typical accuracy：±0.2 ℃Resolution：0.01 ℃Typical current consumption(varies based on mode)4.9μA to 430μA(Normal Mode)0.5μA to 270μA(Low Power Mode)Allows the STC31 to compensate for humidity and temperatureSensirion STC31 CO2 SensorUses I2C interfaceAddresses：0x29(default)， 0x2A， 0x2B， 0x2COperating voltage range2.7V to 5.5V(Typ.3.3V)Operating temperature range-20 ℃ to +85 ℃Calibrated for CO2 in N2 and CO2 in airMeasurement ranges0 to 25 vol% in N20 to 100 vol% in airAccuracy0.5 vol% + 3% measured value in N21 vol% + 3% measured value in airConcentration and temperature resolution：16-bitRepeatability：0.2 vol%Temperature stability：0.025 vol% / ℃Start-up time：14 msThermal conductivity sensor provides calibrated gas concentration and temperature outputJumpersPWR LEDI2C pull-up resistorsSTC31 address selectionNote：The I2C addresses that are reserved for each sensor is 0x59(SGP40)， 0x70(SHTC3)， 0x29(STC31). A multiplexer/Mux is required to communicate to multiple SHTC3 sensors on a single bus. The SHTC3 uses the same address as the Qwiic Mux(0x70). For advanced users that are using multiple SHTC3's with the Qwiic Mux， you will need to adjust the Qwiic Mux's default address.

DescriptionThese are your run-of-the-mill 1/4 Watt， +/- 5% tolerance PTH resistors. Commonly used in breadboards and other prototyping applications， these 1M ohm resistors make excellent pull-ups， pull-downs and current limiters. These thick-lead vers

DescriptionRobots are fun， and Arduinos are easy. So wouldn't it be nice if there were kit that included everything you need to get your Arduino device set up to control simple two-motor-circuit buddy? The SparkFun Ardumoto Shield Kit is perfect for any robot enthusiast and includes an Ardumoto Shield， as well as pairs of tires， motors， connectors and wires. And， of course， it's all stuffed in classic SparkFun red box(which may come in handy as robot chassis).The Ardumoto Shield is an easy-to-use dual-motor controller for Arduino. Combined with an Arduino， the Ardumoto makes fantastic controller platform for RC vehicles or even small autonomous robots. At the heart of the Ardumoto --- the big， black chip right in the middle --- is an L298， one of our favorite dual-channel motor drivers around， capable of driving up to 2A per channel. The board takes its power from the same Vin line as the Arduino board and includes blue and yellow LEDs to indicate active direction. All driver lines are diode protected from back EMF.Note：The motors included with this kit are not compatible with the Wheel Encoder kit. Sorry for the inconvenience.Get Started with the SparkFun Ardumoto Kit Guide

DescriptionThe SparkFun Line Follower Array is a long board consisting of eight IR sensors that have been configured to read as digital bits! We have designed the SparkFun Line Follower Arrays to follow a dark line of about 3/4 inch width or smaller(spray paint or electrical tape)on a light background. Each array features visible LEDs that point upward when the board is attached(properly)so you can see what the robot sees， brightness control right on the board， and an I2C interface for reading and power control. Here at SparkFun， the RedBot Shadow Chassis was used as a test platform but really this was designed as an add-on for almost any bot.The line follower functions by taking an 8-bit reading of reflectance for use with following lines or reading dark/light patterns and can see from about 1/4 to 3/4 inches away. The IR brightness control and indicator can be adjusted with the on-board potentiometer and is capable of showing you the strength of the IR LEDs. Illumination can be turned on and off with software to conserve power， or left on all the time for faster readings. The SparkFun Line Follower Array requires 5V of power with a supply current range of 25-185mA with strobing disabled and 16-160mA with it enabled. Additionally we have added six mounting holes to the line follower with the two inner holes designed to fit our Shadow Chassis while the other four are general purpose.Note：As you know our Sun emits quite a bit of infrared light， making the SparkFun Line Follower Array much less effective in direct sunlight. Plan your projects accordingly!Features8 sensor eyes(QRE1113， like in our line sensor breakout)I2C interfaceAdjust IR brightness on the fly with a knobSwitch IR on and off with softwareSwitch visual indicators on and off with softwareInvert dark/light sight with softwareBased on the SX1509 I/O expander

DescriptionSweepy 2.0 is our new Dust Boot made from clear polycarbonate.Version 2.0 features a number of enhancements， that stem from customer feedback. These include：Sweepy 65 V2 - now can now travel up and down the spindle body allowing greater flexibility when millingNow fits a 2.5" Shopvac as standardIncludes adapters for：2.5" direct hose2.25" shop vac36mm Festool/FeinIncludes our affectionally-named "Winston" a clear brush free base for 3d carving and video makingThis 69mm size is for the Dewalt spindles.Sweepy mounts directly to your spindle and is clamped with a machined quick-release. The compact design means that no travel is lost， and it works with any Shapeoko Z-axis with no adapters. The lower half is detachable and held in place using neodymium magnets， which means that the top half remains in place while the lower half detaches for easy access when changing bits.(For the legal sticklers out there， the Shapeoko and Compact Router shown in the photos are not included with Sweepy.)

DescriptionThe SparkFun Qwiic pHAT V2.0 for Raspberry Pi provides you with the quickest and easiest way to enter into SparkFun's Qwiic ecosystem while still using that Raspberry Pi that you've come to know and love. The Qwiic pHAT connects the I2C bus(GND， 3.3V， SDA， and SCL)on your Raspberry Pi to an array of Qwiic connectors on the HAT. Since the Qwiic system allows for daisy-chaining boards with different addresses， you can stack as many sensors as you'd like to create a tower of sensing power!The Qwiic pHAT V2.0 has four Qwiic connect ports(two on its side and two vertical)， all on the same I2C bus. We've also made sure to add a simple 5V screw terminal to power boards that may need more than 3.3V and a general-purpose button(with the option to shut down the Pi with a script). Also updated， the mounting holes found on the board are now spaced to accommodate the typical Qwiic board dimension of 1.0"×1.0". This HAT is compatible with any Raspberry Pi that utilizes the standard 2x20 GPIO header as well as the NVIDIA Jetson Nano and Google Coral.NoteWhen placing a Raspberry Pi and the pHAT in an enclosure(like the Pi Tin)， we noticed that the pHAT was not fully inserted in Pi's header pins. For a secure connection， you'll need to add a pair of 1x20 stackable headers to extend the pins to your cart.The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.Get Started with the SparkFun Qwiic pHAT GuideFeatures4x Qwiic Connection Ports1x 5V Tolerant Screw Terminal1x General Purpose ButtonHAT-compatible 40-pin Female Header

DescriptionSometimes we want our projects on， but sometimes we want to turn them off for a while to save power. The SparkFun Nano Power Timer will run while only consuming minimal power(approximately 35nA)and turn your project on after a set amount of time. When you are done polling your sensors， posting data to the web， writing to your logger， or planning world domination， your microcontroller can tell the Nano Power Timer to turn off the power. No more running your microcontroller all day when you only want to read the ambient temperature once per hour.The TPL5110 delay is configured with the use of resistors. We've added a six-way DIP switch to select one of the five preinstalled resistors. The sixth switch is attached to a pad to add your own PTH(or SMD)resistor. The delays associated with the preinstalled headers are shown on the bottom of the board for quick setup. Additionally， you can select more than one switch to combine the resistors in parallel(up to 26 options not including the custom resistor)， check out the hookup guide for a nice chart as to the total resistance and corresponding delay for each combination.The Nano Power Timer can handle voltages between 1.8V and 5.5V as well as current up to 1.1A with times from 100ms to two hours(preconfigured settings range from 30s to 2h). You will find a button on the board which will allow you a quick override to the delay so you can turn your project on whenever you like.Get Started with the SparkFun Nano Power SwitchFeaturesSupply Voltage：1.8V to 5.5VCurrent consumption at 2.5V：35nA Typical(50nA Max)Selectable Time intervals：100ms to 7200s(2 hours)Timer Accuracy：1%

DescriptionThese flat mills are perfect for roughing or machining flat or prismatic parts.If you've got a Nomad or Shapeoko， these are great cutters for cutting plastic and aluminum.All of our cutters are manufactured here in the US and begin

DescriptionYou asked for more wires， so you are going to get more wires! This is a large kit of jumper wires - cut， stripped， and pre-bent for your prototyping pleasure. Included with this kit are 14 various lengths of 22AWG wire - 2， 5， 7， 10， 12， 15， 17， 20， 22， 25， 50， 75， 100， and 125mm - 50 pieces of each.On top of getting five times more jumper wires that the smaller version， this large kit also comes with a durable carrying case with adjustable dividers in case you want to use it for something other than hooking up a project!

DescriptionThe SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor is a simple breakout for measuring the moisture in soil and similar materials. The soil moisture sensor is pretty straightforward to use. The two large， exposed pads function as probes for the sensor， together acting as a variable resistor. The more water that is in the soil means the better the conductivity between the pads will be， resulting in a lower resistance and a higher SIG out. This version of the Soil Moisture Sensor includes a 3-pin screw pin terminal pre-soldered to the board for easy wiring and setup.To get the SparkFun Soil Moisture Sensor functioning， all you will need is to connect the VCC and GND pins to your Arduino-based device(or compatible development board). You will receive a SIG out， which will depend on the amount of water in the soil. One commonly known issue with soil moisture senors is their short lifespan when exposed to a moist environment. To combat this， we've had the PCB coated in gold finishing(ENIG， or Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold).Note：Check the Hookup Guide below for assembly and weatherproofing instructions， as well as a simple example project that you can put together yourself!Get Started with the Soil Moisture Sensor Guide

DescriptionAre you low on I/O? No problem! The SX1509 Breakout is 16-channel GPIO expander with an I2C interface that means with just two wires， your microcontroller can interface with 16 fully configurable digital input/output pins. But the SX1509 can do so much more than just simple digital pin control. It can produce PWM signals， so you can dim LEDs. It can be set to blink or even breathe pins at varying rates. This breakout is similar to multiplexer or "mux，" in that it allows you to get more IO from less pins. And， with built-in keypad engine， it can interface with up to 64 buttons set up in an 8x8 matrix.Two headers at the top and bottom of the breakout board function as the input and control headers to the board. This is where you can supply power to the SX1509， and where your I2C signals SDA and SCL will terminate. GPIO and power buses are broken out in every-which direction， and configurable jumpers cover most of the rest of the board.Since the I/O banks can operate between 1.2V and 3.6V(5.5V tolerant)independent of both the core and each other， this device can also work as level-shifter. The SX1509 breakout makes it easy to prototype so you can add more I/O onto your Arduino or I/O limited controller. We've even spun up an Arduino Library to get you started!FeaturesEnable Direct Level Shifting Between I/O Banks and Host Controller5.5V Tolerant I/Os， Up to 15mA Output Sink on All I/OsIntegrated LED Driver with Intensity ControlOn-Chip Keypad Scanning Engine Supports Up to 8x8 Matrix(64 Keys)16 Channels of True Bi-directional Style I/O400kHz I2C Compatible Slave Interface

DescriptionThe MicroMod Qwiic Carrier Board can be used to rapidly prototype with other Qwiic devices. The MicroMod M.2 socket provides users the freedom to experiment with any processor board in the MicroMod ecosystem. This board also features two Qwiic connectors and eight 4-40 screw inserts to connect and mount Qwiic devices.This version of the SparkFun MicroMod Qwiic Carrier Board features two ports for our standard 1in. by 1in. Qwiic breakouts. However， you aren't beholden to attaching just a duo of Qwiic breakouts since you are able to stack the boards on top of each other， allowing you to hook up a full circuit of Qwiic sensors and accessories to fully utilize your next project!MicroMod is a modular interface ecosystem that connects a microcontroller "processor board" to various "carrier board" peripherals. Utilizing the M.2 standard， the MicroMod standard is designed to easily swap out processors on the fly. Pair a specialized carrier board for the project you need with your choice of compatible processor!Get Started With the MicroMod Qwiic Carrier Board GuideFeaturesM.2 MicroMod(Processor Board)ConnectorUSB-C Connector3.3V 1A Voltage RegulatorQwiic ConnectorsBoot/Reset ButtonsCharge CircuitEight 4-40 Inserts

DescriptionThe TB6612FNG Motor Driver can control up to two DC motors at a constant current of 1.2A(3.2A peak). Two input signals(IN1 and IN2)can be used to control the motor in one of four function modes：CW， CCW， short-brake and stop. The two motor outputs(A and B)can be separately controlled， and the speed of each motor is controlled via a PWM input signal with a frequency up to 100kHz. The STBY pin should be pulled high to take the motor out of standby mode.Logic supply voltage(VCC)can be in the range of 2.7--5.5VDC， while the motor supply(VM)is limited to a maximum voltage of 15VDC. The output current is rated up to 1.2A per channel(or up to 3.2A for a short， single pulse).This little board comes with all components installed as shown. Decoupling capacitors are included on both supply lines. All pins of the TB6612FNG are broken out to two 0.1" pitch headers； the pins are arranged such that input pins are on one side and output pins are on the other.Note：If you are looking for the SparkFun Motor Driver with headers， it can be found here or in theSimilar Productsbelow.Get Started With the Motor Driver Hookup GuideFeaturesPower supply voltage：VM = 15V max， VCC = 2.7--5.5VOutput current：Iout = 1.2A(average)/ 3.2A(peak)Standby control to save powerCW/CCW/short-brake/stop motor control modesBuilt-in thermal shutdown circuit and low-voltage detecting circuitAll pins of the TB6612FNG broken out to 0.1" spaced pinsFiltering capacitors on both supply lines

DescriptionThese headers are made to work with the SparkFun ESP32 Thing to connect to ESP32 Shield boards. Each set of headers makes your ESP32 Thing easily stackable with the Power Control， Environmental， or Motion Shields as well as other applications. This set includes two 1x20 headers， enough to connect your ESP32 to anything you want!

DescriptionThe SparkFun weather：bit is a fully loaded "carrier" board for the micro：bit that， when combined with the micro：bit， provides you with a fully functional weather station. With the weather：bit you will have access to barometric pressure， relative humidity and temperature readings. There are also connections on this carrier board to optional sensors such as wind speed， direction， rain gauge and soil readings! In this version we have also added a vertical Qwiic connector. The micro：bit has a lot of features and a lot of potential for weather data collection.The weather：bit connects to the micro：bit via an edge connector at the top of the board， making setup easy. This creates a handy way to swap out micro：bits for programming， while still providing reliable connections to all of the different pins on the micro：bit. We have also included serial and I2C headers on the weather：bit for optimized connectivity if you so choose.The micro：bit is a pocket-sized computer that lets you get creative with digital technology. Between the micro：bit and our shield-like bit boards you can do almost anything while coding， customizing and controlling your micro：bit from almost anywhere! You can use your micro：bit for all sorts of unique creations， from robots to musical instruments and more. At half the size of a credit card， this versatile board has vast potential!Note：The SparkFun weather：bit doesNOTinclude a micro：bit board. The micro：bit will need to be purchased separately.Get started with the weather：bit GuideFeaturesOnboard temperature， humidity， and pressure sensorConnectors(PTH and screw terminal)for soil moisture and soil temperatureConnectors(RJ11)for wind speed， direction and rainfall gaugesEdge connector for easy micro：bit integrationVertical Qwiic connectorHeaders for Serial and I2C communication

DescriptionPoke Home Connectors have been featured on a number of our boards over the last few years by providing a simple screw-terminal-type connector for easy wire connection purposes. Similar to screw terminals， Poke Home Connectors grasp a wire entered into the receiving area of the pin-out by pressing down on the small plastic strip at the end of the housing. Doing so raises the internal clamp and， upon release of the button secures the wire in place without any soldering required.Poke Home Connectors work better in environments with a lot of vibrations(i.e. automotive applications)or when a wire is expanding or contracting due to temperature cycling. Additionally， the tension in the connector is automatically adjusted to the wire gauge(assuming it is within the accepted wire thickness)as opposed to variances in tension when a user tightens the screw terminal.