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Description。The SparkFun Alphanumeric Display Arduino library makes printing strings to the display as easy as calling the print()function. With this library， you'll be able to send I2C commands to the VK16K33 LED driver chip to light up segments(including the decimal point or colon)and even scroll your string across the display. You can download the library through the Arduino library manager by searching 'SparkFun Alphanumeric Display' or you can get the GitHub repo as a .zip file and install the library from there.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Get Started with the Qwiic Alphanumeric Display Hookup Guide。Features。Operating Voltage：3.3V。Integrated RC oscillator。Maximum display segment numbers：128 patterns。13×3 matrix key scan circuit。16-step dimming circuit。I2C Addresses：0x70(0x71， 0x72， 0x73)。2x Qwiic connectors。2x Wall Mounting Points

Description。The SparkFun Alphanumeric Display Arduino library makes printing strings to the display as easy as calling the print()function. With this library， you'll be able to send I2C commands to the VK16K33 LED driver chip to light up segments(including the decimal point or colon)and even scroll your string across the display. You can download the library through the Arduino library manager by searching 'SparkFun Alphanumeric Display' or you can get the GitHub repo as a .zip file and install the library from there.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Get Started with the Qwiic Alphanumeric Display Hookup Guide。Features。Operating Voltage：3.3V。Integrated RC oscillator。Maximum display segment numbers：128 patterns。13×3 matrix key scan circuit。16-step dimming circuit。I2C Addresses：0x70(0x71， 0x72， 0x73)。2x Qwiic connectors。2x Wall Mounting Points

Description。The SparkFun Alphanumeric Display Arduino library makes printing strings to the display as easy as calling the print()function. With this library， you'll be able to send I2C commands to the VK16K33 LED driver chip to light up segments(including the decimal point or colon)and even scroll your string across the display. You can download the library through the Arduino library manager by searching 'SparkFun Alphanumeric Display' or you can get the GitHub repo as a .zip file and install the library from there.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Get Started with the Qwiic Alphanumeric Display Hookup Guide。Features。Operating Voltage：3.3V。Integrated RC oscillator。Maximum display segment numbers：128 patterns。13×3 matrix key scan circuit。16-step dimming circuit。I2C Addresses：0x70(0x71， 0x72， 0x73)。2x Qwiic connectors。2x Wall Mounting Points

Description。The SparkFun Alphanumeric Display Arduino library makes printing strings to the display as easy as calling the print()function. With this library， you'll be able to send I2C commands to the VK16K33 LED driver chip to light up segments(including the decimal point or colon)and even scroll your string across the display. You can download the library through the Arduino library manager by searching 'SparkFun Alphanumeric Display' or you can get the GitHub repo as a .zip file and install the library from there.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Get Started with the Qwiic Alphanumeric Display Hookup Guide。Features。Operating Voltage：3.3V。Integrated RC oscillator。Maximum display segment numbers：128 patterns。13×3 matrix key scan circuit。16-step dimming circuit。I2C Addresses：0x70(0x71， 0x72， 0x73)。2x Qwiic connectors。2x Wall Mounting Points

。Description。Need to keep track of the airflow in your data center or around your servers? How about making sure your HVAC and air control systems are functioning at full capacity? Well， the new SparkFun FS3000-1005 Air Velocity Sensor Breakout can help you with all that and more! It's super easy and super quick(Qwiic!)to hook up.。This breakout board is focused around Renesas' FS3000-1005， a surface-mount air velocity module with a range of 0-7.2m/s(0-16.2mph). It utilizes a MEMS thermopile-based sensor， features a digital output with 12-bit resolution and comprises a "solid" thermal isolation technology and silicon carbide coating to protect it from abrasive wear and water condensation.。We've written an Arduino library to help you get started quickly. You can download the library through the Arduino library manager by searching 'SparkFun Air Velocity' or you can get the GitHub repo as a .zip file and install the library from there.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Get Started with the Qwiic Air Velocity Sensor Breakout。Features。I2C address：0x28。Air flow speed：0 - 7.23 m/sec(0 - 16.17mph)。Accuracy：5 % of full scale flow range。12-bit resolution。Input Voltage：2.7-3.3V。Average current draw：10mA

Description。We are quite familiar with seven-segment displays. We see them on our alarm clocks， ovens， and microwaves. By adding more segments to each digit you can display more than just numbers! Introducing the brand new SparkFun Qwiic Alphanumeric Display. These white fourteen-segment digits allow you display all sorts of numbers， characters， and symbols. With Qwiic， simply plug it in and go. No soldering， no figuring out which is SDA or SCL， and no voltage regulation or translation required!。The SparkFun Alphanumeric Display Arduino library makes printing strings to the display as easy as calling the print()function. With this library， you'll be able to send I2C commands to the VK16K33 LED driver chip to light up segments(including the decimal point or colon)and even scroll your string across the display. You can download the library through the Arduino library manager by searching 'SparkFun Alphanumeric Display' or you can get the GitHub repo as a .zip file and install the library from there.。The VK16K33 also supports I2C address configuration. Simply close a combination of the address jumpers on the back and you can communicate with up to four displays on the same bus. Our slim board design also features detachable stand off holes， vertical Qwiic connectors， and internal mounting holes.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Get Started with the Qwiic Alphanumeric Display Hookup Guide。Features。White display。Operating Voltage：3.3V。Integrated RC oscillator。Maximum display segment numbers：128 patterns。13×3 matrix key scan circuit。16-step dimming circuit。I2C Addresses：0x70(0x71， 0x72， 0x73)。2x Qwiic connectors。2x Wall Mounting Points

Description。Buttons are an easy and tactile way to interface with your project， but why would you want to deal with debouncing， polling， and wiring up pull-up resistors? The Qwiic Button with built-in green LED simplifies all of those nasty worries away into an easy to use I2C device! Utilizing our Qwiic Connect System， using the button is as simple as connecting cable and loading up some pre-written code!。If you need multiple buttons for your project， fear not! Each button has configurable I2C address， so you can daisy-chain multiple buttons over Qwiic and still address each one individually. We've got an example in our Arduino library that provides super-easy way to configure your Qwiic Button to whatever I2C address you desire. You can download the library through the Arduino library manager by searching 'SparkFun Qwiic Button' or you can get the GitHub repo as .zip file and install the library from there.。In addition to handling blinking and debouncing， the Qwiic Button has configurable interrupts that can be configured to activate upon button press or click. We've also taken the liberty of implementing FIFO queue onboard the Qwiic Button where it keeps an internal record of when the button was pressed. This means that code on your microcontroller need not waste valuable processing time checking the status of the button but instead can run small function whenever the button is pressed or clicked! For more information on interrupts check out our guide here!。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Get Started with the SparkFun Qwiic Button Guide。Features。12mm Green LED Button rated for 50mA。Built in LED can be configured for your desired level of blinkiness!。Each button has configurable I2C address。Configurable interrupts check out our guide here!。FIFO queue。Don't like the color green? Check out the SparkFun Qwiic Button Breakout and add another colored button!。Red LED Tactile Button。Blue LED Tactile Button。Green LED Tactile Button。White LED Tactile Button

Description。The MCP9600 Breakout is a high accuracy Thermocouple Amplifier equipped with an I2C interface， accessed over our Qwiic system. Inside the chip are two temperature sensors， one for the thermocouple itself(the hot junction)and one for the chip itself(the cold junction). As a result， the MCP9600 can read both the ambient temperature and the temperature of whatever you're trying to measure! The MCP9600 can do both with a resolution of 0.0625℃， and an accuracy of ±1.5℃(worst-case). The MCP9600 Thermocouple Amplifier is one of our many Qwiic compatible boards! Simply plug and go. No soldering， no figuring out which is SDA or SCL， and no voltage regulation or translation required!。This version of the board comes equipped with screw terminals to allow for your own Thermocouple's wiring to be hooked up with the turn of a screw. This makes it perfect for a variety of applications， from measuring the temperature of your Crock-Pot to making sure your backyard induction furnace is up to temperature.。In addition， the MCP9600 has four on-board temperature alerts that you can configure! Instead of constantly polling the sensor over I2C， you can set a temperature limit to trigger an interrupt when the temperature reaches a certain value. This frees up your microcontroller and your I2C bus to do more important things. It's also possible to put the MCP9600 into alternate operation modes in order to save power. The sensor supports a burst mode， where it will take a specified number of samples， return the results， and then go to sleep. This low-power mode makes the MCP9600 perfect for portable applications!。We've written an Arduino library to help you get started quickly. You can download the library through the Arduino library manager by searching 'SparkFun MCP9600' or you can get the GitHub repo as a .zip file and install the library from there.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Get Started with the Qwiic Thermocouple Amplifier。Features。Temperature Range of -200℃ to 1350℃。Four Onboard Temperature Alerts。Resolution of 0.0625℃。Screw Terminal Connector。ADDR Jumper for variable I2C Addresses(default address of 0x60)。2x Qwiic Connectors

Description。Note - Please read before purchasing!：The SparkFun LTE GNSS Breakout - SARA-R5 uses the "00B" product version of the SARA-R5 module(specifically the SARA-R510M8S-00B-00). LTE NB-IoT Radio Access Technology， and the LTE FDD bands：66， 71， 85 are not supported by this version. Refer to the SARA-R5 datasheet for more information.。The SparkFun SARA-R5 LTE GNSS Breakout is a robust development tool for u-blox's impressive SARA-R510M8S module. The SARA-R510M8S combines u-blox's UBX-R5 cellular chipset with their M8 GNSS receiver chipset to provide a 5G-Ready wireless IoT device complete with positioning data all on a single chip. As an asset tracker， the LTE GNSS Breakout offers Secure Cloud LTE-M communication for multi-regional use and has an integrated u-blox M8 GNSS receiver for accurate positioning information.。The UBX-R5 chipset supports many different forms of data communication from full TCP/IP sockets and packet switched data， through HTTP Get/Put/Post， FTP(the SARA has a built-in file system)， Ping， to good old SMS text messaging! The built-in u-blox M8 GNSS receiver provides accurate and reliable positioning with a separate GNSS antenna interface for an external antenna. Both the GNSS antenna and LTE connections are made via a pair of SMA connectors.。This breakout routes nearly all of the functional pins on the SARA-R510M8S module to user interfaces(USB or plated-through hole)so you can take full advantage of all of the features available on this impressive LTE/GNSS module. The SARA-R5's UART interface can be configured into one of five variants， providing connectivity over one or two UARTs. A separate USB port provides access to the SARA's trace log for diagnostic purposes. This breakout provides access to all three interfaces(UART1， UART2 and SARA Diag)via three separate USB-C connections. All eight 3.3V serial signals are available on a 0.1"-pitch breakout header. Separate 0.1"-pitch headers break out the SARA's I2C bus， power pins as well as GPIO pins for various functionalities.。Get Started with the SARA-R5 LTE GNSS Breakout Guide。Features。u-blox SARA-R510M8S module providing Secure Cloud LTE-M data communication for multi-regional use。Please check that your service provider offers LTE-M coverage for your area before purchasing。Integrated u-blox M8 GNSS receiver for accurate positioning information。Nano SIM socket。Separate， robust SMA connections for LTE and GNSS antennas。Switchable 3.3V power for an active GNSS antenna。USB-C connectivity。LED indicators for：Power(VIN and 3.3V)。SARA-R5 on。Network indicator。GNSS timing pulse(1PPS)。3.3V plated through-hole(PTH)pins for：SARA on。Network indicator。UART1。GNSS timing pulse(1PPS)。I2C bus

Description。This Low Profile Vise provides you with a compact workholding accessory for the Nomad 883 Pro. Each one of these vises are made from scratch， in-house at Carbide 3D， and includes everything you need to attach it to your Nomad. With the Low Profile Vise you will be able to create miniature and small silhouette milling projects.。The Low Profile Vise has a maximum clamping width of 6.5in(～165mm)and is only 8in(～203mm)long and 2in(～50mm)wide. It should go without saying that this vise will easily provide you the ability to mill and fabricate more unique objects!

Description。Standard frequency crystals - use these crystals to provide a clock input to your microprocessor. Rated at 20pF capacitance and +/- 50ppm stability. Low profile HC49/US Package.

Description。With the cost of microSD cards on a consistent rise， it's always useful to have an economical and reliable option as a backup for storing your files. This sleek， red 16GB thumb drive has been emblazoned with our SparkFun Electronics logo a

Description。The WAV Trigger is a unique high-fidelity polyphonic audio player with surprising capabilities. Supporting up to 2048 uncompressed 16-bit， 44.1kHz wav files - the same quality as an audio CD - the WAV Trigger can play and mix up to 14 ster

Description。The Lock Stop is a low profile， high-quality stainless steel stop that can be used on the Nomad or the Shapeoko in conjunction with the Tiger Claw(Standard or Compact)， or Gator Tooth Clamps.。These hard stops help secure your job with a tight grip and serrated face， no matter what you're making.

Description。The Lock Stop is a low profile， high-quality stainless steel stop that can be used on the Nomad or the Shapeoko in conjunction with the Tiger Claw(Standard or Compact)， or Gator Tooth Clamps.。These hard stops help secure your job with a tight grip and serrated face， no matter what you're making.

Description。The SparkFun MP3 Player Shield is an awesome MP3 decoder with the capabilities of storing music files onto a run-of-the-mill microSD card， thus giving you the ability toadd music or sound effects to any project. With this board you can pull MP3 files from an microSD card and play them using only one shield， effectively turning any Arduino into a fully functional stand-alone MP3 player! The MP3 Shield utilizes the VS1053B MP3 audio decoder IC to decode audio files. The VS1053 is also capable of decoding Ogg Vorbis/MP3/AAC/WMA/MIDI audio and encoding IMA ADPCM and user-loadable Ogg Vorbis.。The VS1053 receives its input bitstream through a serial input bus(SPI). After the stream has been decoded by the IC， the audio is sent out to both a 3.5mm stereo headphone jack， as well as a 2-pin 0.1" pitch header.。This shield comes populated with all components as shown in the images and schematic； but it does not come with headers installed. We recommend the Arduino R3 Stackable Header Kit.。Features。3.5mm audio out jack。0.1" spaced header for speaker out。microSD card slot

。Description。Copper tape has countless applications in electronics from creating low-profile traces for electrical components to RF-shielding and antenna-making. Copper tape is even used to join things together using solder， like the stained glass on Tiffany lamps.。This copper tape is backed by a conductive adhesive， is a whopping 2" wide， and comes in rolls of 50 feet. That's a lot of copper.

Description。The Hologram eUICC SIM Card is a mix between legacy and new technology when cellular service is needed your project. This eUICC SIM Card enables profile switching capabilities so you can dynamically change the subscriber profile while your chosen devices are in the field， over-the-air. For those looking for IoT cellular service with no intentions on switching cellular carriers， this SIM card is for you.。eUICC features are limited to certain modules at this point. This includes the u-blox SARA-R4 module used on our SparkFun LTE CAT M1/NB-IoT Shield - SARA-R4. For these situations， the functionality will be that of a normal SIM with cellular service through Hologram. You won't be able to change carriers.。Features。Temperature Range：-25C to 85C。Nano SIM 8.8mm x 12.3mm。Minimum 500，000 Read/write cycles。Minimum 25 yrs at 25℃ Data retention

。Description。The EX8036 Stereo Camera from eYs3D is a high-end imager controller and patterned IR illuminator with a global shutter capable of both color and depth-map video modes. Thanks to its dual cameras， this Stereo Camera is ideally used in applications involving VR/AR， people and thing counting， and obstacle avoidance. The best part about this module is the fact that it has been designed to be as straight forward and easy to use as possible for a stereo camera. Simply plug in the included USB 3.0 cable download the required files and start seeing things through the eyes of your new camera!。Since the data size of continual captured images can be too large to be managed by most CPUs， the EX8036 is equipped with the eSP870U camera controller making it ideal for running intensive depth-map computing algorithms on the controller itself and reserving critical CPU resources for other uses! The IR pattern illuminator features a wavelength of 850nm while the camera itself offers a variable video output that can be referenced on page nine in the datasheet found in the Documents tab above. Additionally， the global shutter on this camera allows you to do feature extraction while in motion， or on moving objects. So while it can also do depth-mapping， the EX8036 provides you with a much more advanced machine vision module.。The download files for this unit(found on a page inside the physical box)include a basic viewer， a number of Dynamic Link Libraries， along with some XML files used for face recognition， and a small executable called eDepthPresence. This final download shows the camera's input， plus files for making some small adjustments and custom applications which is eYs3D's goal， to build your own designs.。Features。Controller：eSP870U。Horizontal FOV：100°。Vertical FOV：67.5°。Resolution：2560×960。Frame Rate：90FPS。IR pattern Illuminator Wavelength：850nm +/-10 nm。IR pattern Illuminator Number of Features：>6，700。Lens：AS133 by Calin。Image Sensor：AR0135 by ON Semiconductor。USB Bus Power：5V/800mA by USB3.0； 5V/500mA by USB2.0。PC Connection：USB3.0 USB2.0。Power Voltage：5V。Operating Current With Patterned IR Illuminator：350-900mA in 720p @ 60FPS。Operating Current Without Patterned IR Illuminator：350mA in 720p @ 60FPS。Suspend Current：2.52mA

。Description。Who doesn't occasionally need power regulation? We certainly do， so we've designed the SparkFun BabyBuck Regulator Breakout to help us with just such a task. Featuring the AP63203 from Diodes Inc， this breakout board takes advantage of a 2A synchronous buck converter that has a wide input voltage range of 3.8V to 32V and fully integrated 125mΩ high-side power MOSFET/68mΩ lowside power MOSFET to provide high-efficiency step-down DC/DC conversion. All of this snuggled up in a low-profile， TSOT26 package that's integrated into a 0.4in by 0.5in board.。Unlike it's sibling， the BabyBuck sacrifices power option flexibility for space. Don't worry， though， because you can still use the plated through holes for input and output power. With some simple right-angle headers， you'll be up and running in no time.。Frequency Spread Spectrum(FSS)reduces EMI and a proprietary gate driver scheme resists switching node ringing without sacrificing MOSFET turn-on and turn-off times， which further erases high-frequency radiated EMI noise.。Get Started with the SparkFun Buck Regulator Hookup Guide。Features。Low-Profile Footprint。VIN 3.8V to 32V。VOUT 3.3V。Up to 2A Continuous Output Current。0.8V ± 1% Reference Voltage。22μA Ultralow Quiescent Current。Switching Frequency - 1.1MHz。Supports Pulse Frequency Modulation(PFM)。Up to 80% Efficiency at 1mA Light Load。Up to 88% Efficiency at 5mA Light Load。Fixed Output Voltage - 3.3V。Proprietary Gate Driver Design for Best EMI Reduction。Frequency Spread Spectrum(FSS)to Reduce EMI。Precision Enable Threshold to Adjust UVLO。Protection Circuitry。Overvoltage Protection。Cycle-by-Cycle Peak Current Limit。Thermal Shutdown

Description。The SparkFun controller：bit is a fun-filled "carrier" board for the micro：bit that， when combined with the micro：bit， provides you with a fully functional controller system. Designed in a similar form factor to the classic Nintendo cont

Description。The SparkFun TFT LCD Breakout is a versatile， colorful， and easy way to experiment with graphics or create a user interface for your project. With a 4-wire SPI interface and microSD card holder， you can use this breakout to easily add visual display/interface capabilities to a project as well as providing all the storage you might need for multimedia files.。To get started with this breakout， you will need an Arduino compatible microcontroller of your choice - we recommend something with extra RAM like the SparkFun Thing Plus. The breakout can be powered with either 5V or 3.3V. The microSD card holder is connected to the same SPI bus as the display which keeps the required pin count low and exists to relieve the burden from your microcontroller's poor memory due to having to store hundreds of images of cats， or really whatever you want to keep there. We have also gone ahead and tricked out the SparkFun HyperDisplay library with a driver made especially for this breakout!。Out of the box， the SparkFun TFT LCD Breakout will come with a large backing PCB that makes it easy to securely mount the display in a project. If you need a more flexible solution you can remove the display module， snap off half the backing board， and then re-insert the display module. When this is done you'll be left with the bare minimum frame around the display to more seamLessly integrate with your project.。Get Started With the SparkFun TFT LCD Breakout Guide。Features。128×160 RGB pixels。Up to 18 bit configurable color depth。2x PWM controllabele LED backlight。microSD Card Slot。V-Score for Minimal Footprint Setup

。Description。Passive Infrared(PIR)sensors are great for detecting motion in a small area around the sensor. The 170μA SparkFun EKMC4607112K PIR Breakout is a simple board equipped with an EKM-series PIR sensor from Panasonic(R). The EKM-series PIR sensors are optimized for small movements to offer motion-sensing options for continuously powered applications.。PIR sensors do not return specific distance data but instead monitor for IR light coming from objects in their field of view and will activate their signal when motion is detected in their sensing area， making them perfect for applications such as turning devices on automatically when motion is detected. Applications include home and building automation for energy saving， automated on/off lighting control， security， appliances， and IoT.。Panasonic's low-profile PIR motion sensors(10.9mm versus standard 14.4mm height offer space savings for constrained designs)consist of a lens to create various detection zones， an optical filter to block non-infrared light， pyroelectric sensing elements， electromagnetic shielding to all circuitry， and an impedance converter to get an electrical signal. This PIR sensor offers digital output across 32 zones at 5m detection distance with 90°×90° detection area.。Note：The sensitivity of passive infrared sensors is influenced by environmental conditions， so a performance evaluation test under representative conditions is recommended.。Get Started with the SparkFun PIR Breakout Guide。Features。Operating Voltage：2.3。-。4.0V。170 μA。standby current consumption。Lens diameter - 10.4mm。Lens Height - 10.9mm。5m detection distance。90°×90°(±45°)detection area

。Description。The Binho Nova Multi-Protocol USB Host Adapter allows one to interface their computer directly to hardware circuits. This device is powered by the USB connection to the host PC and is also able to provide downstream power to test circuits.。The Binho Nova Multi-Protocol USB Host Adapter features 5 signal pins， one×3v3 pin， one×VUSB pin， and three×GND pins on its 10pin wire harness. The wire harness terminates with a female 1.27mm 2x5 IDC connector. In IO Mode， the five signal pins can be used for varying functions such as Digital Input， Digital Output， PWM Output， Digital Interrupt(on rising edge， falling edge， or change)， Analog Input， or Analog Output.。Additionally， the host adapter is able to utilize these pins to communicate on several digital buses：I2C， SPI， UART，(Dallas)1-Wire， and(Atmel)Single-Wire Interface. While in these modes of operation， remaining available pins can be assigned to other related or unrelated purposes such as gpio， interrupts， chip selects， PWM signals， or analog input or outputs.。The Binho Nova Multi-Protocol USB Host Adapter is ideal for manual testing during firmware development and debugging as well as a perfect way to automate hardware testing and validation. A common use-case of this product in production environments is for EEPROM/Flash Memory programming along with functional testing activities.。Features。Support for SPI @ 12MHz max clock。Support for I2C @ 3.4MHz max clock。Support for UART @ 1000000 max baud。Support for Dallas 1-Wire。Support for Atmel Single-Wire Interface。Provides 3v3 and VUSB power rails。1×DAC Output， 5×ADC Inputs。GPIO / Interrupt / PWM Support。Programmable RGB Status LED。Field-Upgradeable Device Firmware。Cross-platform Support for Windows，Mac， Linux。Robust， low-profile AluminumEnclosure。USB Type-C Connector

Description。Passive Infrared(PIR)sensors are great for detecting motion in a small area around the sensor. The 1μA SparkFun EKMB1107112 Qwiic PIR uses an EKM-series PIR sensor from Panasonic(R)paired with an ATTiny84 to interact with it using I2C with the Qwiic system. The EKMB-series PIR sensors are optimized for small movements to offer motion-sensing options for battery powered applications due to the low standby current draw of the sensor(1μA).。PIR sensors do not return specific distance data but instead monitor for IR light coming from objects in their field of view and will activate their signal when motion is detected in their sensing area， making them perfect for applications such as turning devices on automatically when motion is detected. Applications include home and building automation for energy saving， automated on/off lighting control， security， appliances， and IoT.。Panasonic's low-profile PIR motion sensors(10.9mm versus standard 14.4mm height offer space savings for constrained designs)consist of a lens to create various detection zones， an optical filter to block non-infrared light， pyroelectric sensing elements， electromagnetic shielding to all circuitry， and an impedance converter to get an electrical signal. This PIR sensor offers digital output across 32 zones at 5m detection distance with 90°×90° detection area.。Note：The sensitivity of passive infrared sensors is influenced by environmental conditions， so a performance evaluation test under representative conditions is recommended.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Get Started with the Qwiic PIR Hookup Guide。Features。Default I2C address 0x12(Alternate 0x13 selectable by solder jumper)。2x Qwiic connectors。2x3 header on the back of the board for reprogramming the ATTiny84。Lens diameter - 10.4mm。Lens Height - 10.9mm。1μA standby current consumption。5m detection distance。90°×90°(±45°)detection area

Description。The LIDAR-Lite v4 LED sensor is the next step in the LIDAR-Lite line. A small， lightweight， low-power optical ranging sensor. It's the first to incorporate ANT profile wireless networking technology into an optical sensor. Its built-in nRF52840 processor means that developers can create custom applications， or be operated as a stand-alone device right out of the box by using the preloaded stock application.。Like the LIDAR-Lite v3 and LIDAR-Lite v3HP sensors； it can also be directly connected to an external micro-controller running a custom user application. As such， it provides a highly adaptable option for OEM and maker applications in robotics， Internet of Things， and unmanned vehicles ― or any application where an ultrasonic sensor might otherwise be used. It's perfect as the basic building block for applications where wireless capabilities， small size， light weight， low power consumption and high performance are important factors in a short-range， 10-meter， optical distance measuring sensor.。The LIDAR-Lite v4 requires an external 5VDC power source and soldering is required. This Time-of-Flight ranging module uses a LED and optics for ranging. It does not use a laser； therefore， it is inherently eye-safe under normal usage.。Features。Resolution：1 cm。Measurement repeatability：As measured indoors to a 90% reflective target。1 cm is equivalent to 1 standard deviation。Using "high accuracy" mode， with averaging：+/- 1 cm to 2 meters。+/- 2 cm to 4 meters。+/- 5 cm to 10 meters。Range：5 cm to 10 meters(as measured from back of unit)。Update rate：I2C = >200 Hz typical。ANT(R)= up to 200 Hz to a 90% target indoors at 2m in normal operating mode。Interface：I2C or ANT； user configurable for SPI using the Nordic SDK。Power(operating voltage)：4.75 - 5.25 VDC。Current consumption：2mA idle， 85mA during acquisition。Operating temperature：-20 to 60° C。LED wavelength：940 nm。Beam divergence：4.77°。Optical aperture：14.9 mm。Unit size(HxWxD)：2.1"×0.8"×0.9"(52.2×21.2×24.0 mm)。Weight：14.6 g(0.5 oz)

。Description。The SparkFun Qwiic Motor Driver takes all the great features of the Serial Controlled Motor Driver(SCMD)and miniaturizes them， adding Qwiic ports for plug and play functionality. Boasting the same 4245 PSOC and 2-channel motor ports as the SCMD， the SparkFun Qwiic Motor Driver is designed to communicate over I2C to make setting up your next robotic project as fast and easy as possible! Utilizing our handy Qwiic system and screw terminals for motor and power hook-up， no soldering is required to connect it to the rest of your system.。With 1.2A steady state drive per channel(1.5A peak)and 127 levels of DC drive strength， this little Qwiic board is perfect for your small DC motor driver needs. Since the Qwiic Motor Driver is a 3.3V logic device， you'll need to use a logic level converter to interface to 5V.。The I2C address of the Qwiic Motor Driver is 0x5D and is jumper selectable to 0x58， 0x59， 0x5A， 0x5B， ... 0x63.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Need a custom board? This component can be found in SparkFun's A La Carte board builder. You can have a custom design fabricated with this component - and your choice of hundreds of other sensors， actuators and wireless devices - delivered to you in just a few weeks.。Get Started With the Qwiic Motor Driver Hookup Guide。Features。1.5 A peak drive per channel， 1.2 A steady state。Operates from 3 to 11 Volts with 12V absolute max。3.3V default VCC and logic。127 levels of DC drive strength.。Controllable by I2C or TTL UART signals。Direction inversion on a per motor basis。Global Drive enable。Exposed small heat sink shape。Several I2C addresses， default UART bauds available。Adjustable I2C Address：0x5D Default。2x Qwiic Connectors。。Documents。Schematic。Eagle Files。Board Dimensions。Hookup Guide。Arduino Library。Python Module。Github Hardware Repo

。Description。The HM01B0 from Himax Imaging is an ultra low power CMOS Monochrome Image Sensor that enables the integration of an "Always On" camera for computer vision applications such as gestures， intelligent ambient light and proximity sensing， tracking and object identification. The sensor allows the sensor to consume very low power of <2mW at QVGA 30FPS. This low power consumption and vision applications camera comes with a ribbon cable that mates to the camera connector populated on the following products：MicroMod Machine Learning Carrier Board。Artemis Development Kit。Edge Development Board - Apollo3 Blue。The HM01B0 contains 320×320 pixel resolution and supports a 320×240 window mode which can be readout at a maximum frame rate of 60FPS， and a 2×2 monochrome binning mode with a maximum frame rate of 120FPS. The video data is transferred over a configurable 1bit， 4bit or 8bit interface with support for frame and line synchronization. The sensor integrates black level calibration circuit， automatic exposure and gain control loop， self-oscillator and motion detection circuit with interrupt output to reduce host computation and commands to the sensor to optimize the system power consumption.。Features。Image Sensor。Ultra Low Power Image Sensor(ULPIS)designed for Always On vision devices and applications。High sensitivity 3.6μ BrightSenseTM pixel technology。320×320 active pixel resolution with support for QVGA window， vertical flip and horizontal mirror readout。Programmable black level calibration target， frame size， frame rate， exposure， analog gain(up to 8x)and digital gain(up to 4x)。Automatic exposure and gain control loop with support for 50 / 60Hz flicker avoidance。Flexible 1bit， 4bit and 8bit video data interface with video frame and line sync。Motion Detection circuit with programmable ROI and detection threshold with digital output to serve as an interrupt。On-chip self oscillator。I2C 2-wire serial interface for register access。High CRA for low profile module design。Sensor Parameters。Active Pixel Array 320×320。Pixel Size 3.6 μm×3.6 μm。Full Image Area 1152 μm×1152 μm。Diagonal(Optical Format)1.63 mm(1/11″)。Scan Mode：Progressive。Shutter Type：Electronic Rolling Shutter。Frame Rate MAX 51 fps @ 320×320， 60 fps @ 320×240(QVGA)。CRA(maximum)30℃。Sensor Specifications。Supply Voltage：Analog - 2.8 V， Digital - 1.5V(Internal LDO：1.5V - 2.8V)， I/O - 1.5 - 2.8V。Input Reference Clock：3 - 50 MHz。Serial Interface(I2C)：2-wire， 400 KHz max.。Video Data Interface：1b， 4b， 8b with frame / line SYNC。Output Clock Rate MAX：50 MHz for 1bit， 12.5 MHz for 4bit， 6.25 MHz for 8bit。Est. Power Consumption(include IO with 5pF load)：QVGA 60FPS(Typical)<4 mW。QVGA 30FPS(Typical)<2 mW

。Description。The SparkFun 9DoF IMU Breakout incorporates all the amazing features of Invensense's ICM-20948 into a Qwiic-enabled breakout board complete with a logic shifter and broken out GPIO pins for all your motion sensing needs. The ICM-20948 itself is an extremely low powered， I2C and SPI enabled 9-axis motion tracking device that is ideally suited for smartphones， tablets， wearable sensors， and IoT applications. Utilizing our handy Qwiic system， no soldering is required to connect it to the rest of your system. However， we still have broken out 0.1"-spaced pins in case you prefer to use a breadboard.。In addition to the 3-Axis Gyroscope with four selectable ranges， 3-Axis Accelerometer， again with four selectable ranges， and 3-axis magnetometer with an FSR to ±4900μT， the ICM-20948 also includes a Digital Motion Processor that offloads the computation of motion sensing algorithms from the detectors， allowing optimal performance of the sensors. We've also broken out all the ICM-20948 pin functionality to GPIO and labeled them I2C on the front， SPI on the back for ease of identification.。Note：The I2C address of the ICM-20948 is 0x69 and is jumper selectable to 0x68. A multiplexer/Mux is required to communicate to multiple ICM-20948 sensors on a single bus. If you need to use more than one ICM-20948 sensor consider using the Qwiic Mux Breakout.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。Need a custom board? This component can be found in SparkFun's A La Carte board builder. You can have a custom design fabricated with this component - and your choice of hundreds of other sensors， actuators and wireless devices - delivered to you in just a few weeks.。Get Started with the SparkFun ICM-20948 9DoF IMU Guide。Features。1.95 V to 3.6 V supply voltage。Triple-axis MEMS gyroscope with user-programmable full-scale range of ±250 dps， ±500 dps， ±1000 dps， and ±2000 dps。Triple-axis MEMS accelerometer with programmable full scale range of ±2g， ±4g， ±8g， and ±16g。Triple-axis silicon monolithic Hall-effect magnetic sensor with full scale measurement range to ±4900 μT。I2C at up to 100 kHz(standard-mode)or up to 400 kHz(fast-mode)or SPI at up to 7 MHz for communicationwith registers。On-board digital motion processor(DMP)。Digital-output temperature sensor。2x Qwiic Connection Ports。I2C Address：0x69(0x68 with Jumper)。。Documents。Schematic。Eagle Files。Hookup Guide。Datasheet(ICM-20948)。Arduino Library。Python Support(Qwiic_Py)。GitHub Hardware Repo

Description。The SparkFun LTE CAT M1/NB-IoT Shield equips your Arduino or Arduino-compatible microcontroller with access to data networks across the globe. This shield adds wireless， high-bandwidth cellular functionality to your IoT project while maintaining low power consumption and small footprint. The SparkFun LTE CAT M1/NB-IoT Shield is based off the Arduino R3's footprint that allows you to easily incorporate it with favorite Arduino-based device.。At the heart of the LTE Cat M1/NB-IoT shield is u-blox SARA-R410M-02B LTE Cat M1/NB-IoT modem. Cat M1(Category M1)and NB-IoT(Narrowband IoT)are both Low Power Wide Area Network(LPWAN)technologies that are designed to provide cellular communication to small IoT devices. They operate on LTE network bands just like most smartphones， and should be supported by most cellular network carriers. The u-blox SARA-R4 module communicates over UART via simple AT command set. We've provided library to help you get started with everything from sending SMS text messages to communicating with servers over TCP/IP connection. Additionally， both the module and library support an I2C GPS interface via Qwiic connector， so you can plug in u-blox GPS module and start remotely tracking your project.。Each SparkFun LTE CAT M1/NB-IoT Shield also includes ceramic， Molex 1462000001 SMD antenna. The antenna has gain of 3.8dBi around 1.7GHz to 2.7GHz. However， if you would prefer to use an external antenna， we have provided U.FL connector that can be utilized by simply slicing through jumper with hobby knife.。Please be aware that there are few extra parts required to get this shield fully functioning， other than an Arduino-based device. First， you'll need to supply your own SIM card， such as this one from Hologram(we do also offer this shield with an included one as well)and your own headers which will need to be soldered on.。Note：。Be sure to check the。Hardware Overview。section in the Hookup Guide for compatible GPS modules. The onboard Qwiic connector is only designed to support u-blox-based GPS modules. It does not support any other GPS modules or sensors. We are continuing to add more modules so be sure to check back every so often to find out more!。Need custom board?。This component can be found in SparkFun's La Carte board builder. You can have custom design fabricated with this component and your choice of hundreds of other sensors， actuators and wireless devices delivered to you in just few weeks.。Get Started with the SparkFun LTE CAT M1/NB-IoT Shield Guide。Documents。Schematic。Eagle Files。Hookup Guide。Datasheets。SARA-R4。Ceramic Antenna。SARA-R4 AT Command Set。Arduino Library。GitHub

。Description。The SparkFun Qwiic TMP117 breakout is a high precision temperature sensor equipped with an I2C interface. It outputs temperature readings with high precision of ±0.1℃ across the temperature range of -20℃ to +50℃s with no calibration and a maximum range from -55℃ to 150℃. The SparkFun High Precision Temperature Sensor also has a very low power consumption rate which minimizes the impact of self-heating on measurement accuracy. Utilizing our handy Qwiic system， no soldering is required to connect it to the rest of your system. However， we still have broken out 0.1"-spaced pins in case you prefer to use a breadboard.。The SparkFun High Precision Temperature Sensor also includes programmable temperature limits， and digital offset for system correction. While the TMP102 is capable of reading temperatures to a resolution of 0.0625℃ and is accurate up to 0.5℃， the on-board TMP117 is not only more precise but has a 16-bit resolution of 0.0078℃!。To make this breakout even easier to use， we've written an Arduino library to help you get started "Qwiic-ly." Check the Documents tab above for more information.。The SparkFun Qwiic Connect System is an ecosystem of I2C sensors， actuators， shields and cables that make prototyping faster and less prone to error. All Qwiic-enabled boards use a common 1mm pitch， 4-pin JST connector. This reduces the amount of required PCB space， and polarized connections mean you can't hook it up wrong.。The TMP117 High Precision Temperature Sensor can also be automatically detected， scanned， configured， and logged using the OpenLog Artemis datalogger system. No programming， soldering， or setup required!。Need a custom board? This component can be found in SparkFun's A La Carte board builder. You can have a custom design fabricated with this component - and your choice of hundreds of other sensors， actuators and wireless devices - delivered to you in just a few weeks.。Get Started with the SparkFun High Precision TMP117 Hookup Guide。Features。Uses I2C interface(Qwiic-enabled)。Four selectable addresses。0x48(default)， 0x49， 0x4A， 0x4B。16-bit resolution， 0.0078℃。High accuracy， digital temperature sensor。±0.1℃(max)from ?20℃ to 50℃。±0.15℃(max)from ?40℃ to 70℃。±0.2℃(max)from ?40℃ to 100℃。±0.25℃(max)from ?55℃ to 125℃。±0.3℃(max)from ?55℃ to 150℃。Operating temperature range。-55℃ to +150℃。Operating voltage range。1.8V to 5.5V。Typically 3.3V if using the Qwiic cable。Low power consumption。3.5μA(1-Hz conversion cycle)。150nA(shutdown current)。Programmable operating modes。Continuous， one-shot， and shutdown。Programmable temperature alert limits。Selectable averaging for reduced noise。Digital offset for system correction。NIST traceability。。Documents。Schematic。Eagle Files。Board Dimensions。Hookup Guide。Datasheet(TMP117)。Arduino Library。GitHub Hardware Repo

Description。The SparkFun Artemis Development Kit is the latest board to be released around the SparkFun Artemis Module and it allows access to more software development features than previous Artemis based boards. This Kit includes the SparkFun Artemis DK board as well as the accessories(Himax camera USB-C cable)needed to get started right away. Recommended software used to program the Artemis DK are the Arduino IDE， Arm(R)Mbed(TM)OS(Studio and CLI)， and AmbiqSDK. An updated USB interface(MKL26Z128VFM4 Arm(R)Cortex(R)-M0+ MCU， from NXP)allows the Artemis Dev Kit to act as：Mass Storage Device(MSD)：Used to provide drag and drop programming to the Artemis Module.。Human Interface Device(HID)：Used for the debugging interface to the Artemis Module.。Communication Port(COM)：Used to provide a serial communication UART between the Artemis and the USB connection(PC).。The Artemis Module provides a Cortex(R)-M4F with BLE 5.0 running at 48MHz with an available 96MHz turbo mode and power as low as 6uA per MHz(less than 5mW). The SparkFun Artemis Module is fully FCC/IC/CE certified with 1M flash and 384k RAM you'll have plenty of room for your code. The flexibility of the Artemis module starts with our Arduino core. You can program and use the Artemis module just like you would an Uno or any other Arduino. Additional functionality stems from the ability of the Artemis Dev kit to run RTOS such as the Arm Mbed OS， or the AmbiqSDK.。Attached to the。"Qwiic"。I2C bus， we've added a LIS2DH12TR MEMS accelerometer(for things like gesture recogntion)， a digital MEMS microphone， and an edge camera connector for the Himax CMOS imaging camera to experiment with always-on voice commands， and image recognition with TensorFlow and machine learning. All of the Artemis Development Kit pins are broken out to 0.1" spaced female headers(i.e. connectors). There are also two rows of breakout pins with 0.1" pitch spacing for headers； and a 0.08" pitch spacing to clip on IC-hooks， used by most logic analyzers. Additionally the Silk on the back of the Artemis DK acts as a chart to show pins by functionality(peripherals， ADC， PWM， UART0， UART1)and act as an aid while developing software. The board is powered programmed via USB-C， and includes a Qwiic connector to make I2C easy and is fully compatible with SparkFun's Arduino core to be programmed under the Arduino IDE.。Get Started With the SparkFun Artemis Development Kit Guide。Features。Artemis Dev Kit。Compatible with Arduino， Mbed(TM)OS， and AmbiqSDK Development Programs。Power：5V Provided Through the USB-C Connector。1.8V， 3.3V， and 5V Available on Power Header。Interface Chip(MKL26Z128VFM4 ARM(R)Cortex(R)-M0+ MCU)：Drag and Drop Programming。SWD Interface。JTAG Programming PTH。Artemis Module：Apollo3 ARM(R)Cortex(R)-M4F MCU。BLE 5.0 with FCC Certification。24 Breakout I/O Pins。Eight 14-bit ADC Pins。Eighteen 16-bit PWM Pins。Two Independent UART Ports。Three Peripheral I2C/SPI Buses。JTAG Programming PTH。Sensors：3-axis Accelerometer(LIS2DH12)。PDM Microphone(SPH0641LM4H-1)。Camera Connector(for the Himax HM01B0 Camera)。Qwiic Connector。On Primary I2C Bus。Himax HM01B0 Camera。Image Sensor。Ultra Low Power Image Sensor(ULPIS)designed for Always On vision devices and applications。High sensitivity 3.6μ BrightSenseTM pixel technology。320×320 active pixel resolution with support for QVGA window， vertical flip and horizontal mirror readout。Programmable black level calibration target， frame size， frame rate， exposure， analog gain(up to 8x)and digital gain(up to 4x)。Automatic exposure and gain control loop with support for 50 / 60Hz flicker avoidance。Flexible 1bit， 4bit and 8bit video data interface with video frame and line sync。Motion Detection circuit with programmable ROI and detection threshold with digital output to serve as an interrupt。On-chip self oscillator。I2C 2-wire serial interface for register access。High CRA for low profile module design。Sensor Parameters。Active Pixel Array 320×320。Pixel Size 3.6 μm×3.6 μm。Full Image Area 1152 μm×1152 μm。Diagonal(Optical Format)1.63 mm(1/11″)。Color Filter Array Monochrome and Bayer。Scan Mode：Progressive。Shutter Type：Electronic Rolling Shutter。Frame Rate MAX 51 fps @ 320×320， 60 fps @ 320×240(QVGA)。CRA(maximum)30℃。Sensor Specifications。Supply Voltage：Analog - 2.8 V， Digital - 1.5V(Internal LDO：1.5V - 2.8V)， I/O - 1.5 - 2.8V。Input Reference Clock：3 - 50 MHz。Serial Interface(I2C)：2-wire， 400 KHz max.。Video Data Interface：1b， 4b， 8b with frame / line SYNC。Output Clock Rate MAX：50 MHz for 1bit， 12.5 MHz for 4bit， 6.25 MHz for 8bit。Est. Power Consumption(include IO with 5pF load)：QVGA 60FPS(Typical)<4 mW。QVGA 30FPS(Typical)<2 mW

Description。This is a simple pack of five Red LilyPad LEDs that are still attached to one another， letting you snap the LEDs apart at your leisure to sew into clothing or whatever else you can dream up.。LilyPad is a wearable e-textile technology dev

Description。This is a simple pack of five Pink LilyPad LEDs that are still attached to one another， letting you snap the LEDs apart at your leisure to sew into clothing or whatever else you can dream up.。LilyPad is a wearable e-textile technology d

Description。This is a simple pack of five Blue LilyPad LEDs that are still attached to one another， letting you snap the LEDs apart at your leisure to sew into clothing or whatever else you can dream up.。LilyPad is a wearable e-textile technology d

Description。This is a simple pack of five Yellow LilyPad LEDs that are still attached to one another， letting you snap the LEDs apart at your leisure to sew into clothing or whatever else you can dream up.。LilyPad is a wearable e-textile technology

Description。Jumper wires are awesome. Just a little bit of stranded core wire with a nice solid pin connector on either end. They have the flexibility of stranded wire but will fit directly into breadboards and female pin headers. These are 6 inch long

USB Type 'B' Female connector. The 4 connection pins have .1" spacing allowing it to be inserted into development boards and perf boards with mild modification. You can either drill two 80mil holes for the support posts、or cut them off completely.

Description。The SparkFun I2S Audio Breakout board uses the MAX98357A digital to analog converter(DAC)， which converts I2S(not be confused with I2C)audio to an analog signal to drive speakers. The I2S Audio Breakout converts the digital audio signals using the I2S standard to an analog signal and amplifies the signal using a class D amplifier which can deliver up to 3.2W of power into a 4Ω load. The board can be configured to output only the left channel audio， right channel， or both.。The SparkFun I2S Audio Breakout board is fairly simple， requiring only a few pin connections to get it up and working. By default the board is configured in "mono" operation， meaning the left and right signals are combined together to drive a single speaker. If you want a separate speaker for the left and right audio channels you'll need to cut the mono jumper. In addition to being able to select the audio channel output， the gain can also be configured in a few ways. The gain of the amplifier can be configured from as low as +3dB to as high as +15dB. While the channel selection can be configured on board， the gain however is controlled externally using the gain pin. By default， the board is configured for +9dB， but can be easily changed!。Get Started with the SparkFun I2S Audio Breakout Guide。Features。Supply Voltage Range：2.5V - 5.5V.。Output Power：3.2W into 4Ω at 5V.。Output Channel Selection：Left， Right， or Left/2 + Right/2(Default).。Sample Rate：8kHz - 96kHz.。Sample Resolution：16/32 bit.。Quiescent Current：2.4mA.。Filterless Class D Outputs。No MCLK Required。Click and Pop Reduction。Short-Circuit and Thermal Protection.